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Background: Today, the world is facing COVID-19 mutant, which was declared as a pandemic disease by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 has spread rapidly to 203 countries and up to 31st March 2020, 36405 people had lost their lives. We aimed to study the impact of three parameters, i.e., weather, life expectancy, and travel, either due to tourism or business purpos-es on the transmission of the COVID-19. Method(s): The data of infected cases and deaths of different countries and territories related to the 2019-nCoV are studied. These data are collected from the situation reports issued by WHO. Result(s): The Temperature-Time trajectory shows that the dissemination of coronavirus has a high tendency in cold climate countries. Most of the cases are observed in the temperature range of 40degreeF to 60degreeF. Also, we analyzed the dependence of 2019-nCoV transmission and death cases on life ex-pectancy. Most of the cases related to COVID-19 in the entire world were adult and old patients. The global connectivity between China as a "Manufacturing Hub" and other counties also plays a vital role in the transmission of COVID-19. Conclusion(s): The spread pattern of COVID-19 cases is in good agreement with our study, but this does not mean that it will not spread in warm areas. The precautionary measure provided by WHO and health departments of various countries should be followed to slow down the transmission rate of COVID-19.Copyright © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.
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Background and Study Aims In the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy on the same day (bidirectional endoscopy [BDE]) have increased. The aims of the study were to compare the procedure times, benefits, and safety of same-day BDE and conventional serial endoscopic examination (SEE). Patients and Methods All the patients undergoing evaluation with either BDE or SEE were prospectively enrolled at Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Bangalore, from 1st December 2020 to 31st May 2021. EGD was immediately followed by colonoscopy in BDE. In SEE, EGD was followed by colonoscopy in 1 or 2 days. Clinical data and results were collected and evaluated. Results Two hundred consecutive patients who consented for BDE were enrolled in the study. The mean ± standard deviation (range) age of the patients was 45 ± 14.5 (22-60) years. Majority (124 [62%]) were men. The outcome measures of Boston Bowel Preparation Scale with the excellent/good preparation score and polyp detection rate were similar in both groups (p = 0.4). The total procedure time was significantly higher in the SEE group than in the BDE (p < 0.001). There were no adverse events noted in the study. The overall patient experience and satisfaction were higher in BDE than in SEE without any difference in the quality of the procedures (p < 0.001). Patients with weight loss and anemia were more likely to have a positive test result than the patients with abdominal pain and diarrhea. Conclusions In conclusion, same-day BDE is advised for patients with anemia and weight loss which can reduce the number of hospital visits and improve patient satisfaction in COVID times.
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Background: COVID-19 pandemic has caused havoc and many deaths around the world. Coronavirus is highly contagious and spreads like wildfire in the community. The nurses and other frontline health-care workers (HCWs) bore the brunt of this pandemic with maximum effect because they all worked with infected patients. Direct exposure has caused stress, anxiety, and physical cum mental discomfort among them. Objective: This study aimed to assess stress among nurses and family members related to COVID-19 outbreak. Methodology: In this study, mixed method of prospective approach was used. The study was conducted virtually using social media platforms by online questionnaire. It included 150 participants and information was collected on demographic data, change in relationship with family, spouse, children, self-concept, and perceived stress among themselves and their family members. Results: All the nurses were involved in the direct care of COVID-infected patients. Many participants (47%) became anxious and worried about themselves. More than half (56.7%) respondents had no change in relationship, while 40.7% experienced change in relationship with their family. Majority of the participants (88%) had long travel hours and accommodation issues. Although the nurses working for COVID patients were stressed, frightened, and anxious, most of them took pride in their work as a contribution toward the nation during this current pandemic. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that frontline HCWs were at increased risk of mental health consequences such as stress, anxiety, and frustration. Their children developed behavioral changes such as agitation and aggressiveness. Many nurses got more family support than before for their contribution during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Objective: The objective is to assess the clinical course and outcomes of heart transplant (HTx) recipients affected by COVID-19 disease in a tertiary care health care institution. Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is a contagious illness with alarming morbidity and mortality. The HTx recipients are chronically immunosuppressed and thus COVID-19 infection in them may result in an unpredictable clinical course. Materials and Methods: HTx recipients in a tertiary care transplant center in North India were retrospectively reviewed from January 2020 to January 2021. Case records of 28 patients of HTx were reviewed, and four (14%) were found to have developed Covid-19 infection. Clinical parameters and outcomes of these four HTx recipients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection are described. Results: Fourteen percent of our HTx patients (4 out of 28 patients under follow-up) developed COVID-19 in the first infection wave. The study population consisted of 3 males and 1 female patient with a median age of 28 years (range 15-39). The most common presenting symptoms were fever (100%), myalgia (100%) and cough (75%). There was no mortality observed in this study. None required intensive care admission or mechanical ventilatory support. Three were managed with hospital admission while one was subjected to home isolation. The mean hospital stay was 13.5 days (12-17 days). Immunosuppressants were modified by reducing tacrolimus and mycophenolate, however, corticosteroids were continued. Conclusion: The dose modification rather than discontinuation of immunomodulatory agents should be established as standard of care for transplant recipients. Steroids may provide added benefit and should be continued. The morbidity and mortality in such cases may be lower than anticipated;however, this needs to be substantiated with larger multicentric studies.
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The world has emerged dramatically after the outbreak of the influenza virus (Covid-19) with the new normal that has triggered many social and psychological challenges and changes. The present paper conceptualizes and identifies a few questions like;whether human social values change with a crisis like covid-19. Does, social value orientation intensifies cooperation and helping behaviour among people. Whether such changes are temporary and apparent in case of disasters or crisis like a pandemic. The study highlighted some perspectives based on previous studies relating to social and behavioural aspects during a crisis and provided a conceptual framework on how the social value orientation has been influenced by different factors like Social Norms, Social Discrimination and Inequality, Trust, Leadership, Sense of Connection and Empathy. Finally, as a policy implication, it gives enough scope for an empirical investigation into the various factors influencing social value orientation and its impact on behavioural changes during a crisis. An insight into the social value and behavioural changes in humans help the policymakers to devise appropriate strategies for crisis management.
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Background: COVID-19 pandemic has stirred an unexpected turmoil in health care worldwide. The strategic conduct of critical care would warrant an effective preparedness plan, thorough knowledge of the disease manifestations, and relevant therapeutic strategy to sail through this crisis. Methods: English medical literature with MeSh database was searched using the key words such as "COVID-19 pandemic," "ICU preparedness," "COVID-19 management," "COVID-19 therapy," and "COVID-19 systemic effects." The relevant studies were included with significant inputs from interdepartmental meetings for the formulation of a plan. Results: The analysis of the respective studies highlighted the requirements of COVID-19 designated intensive care units (ICUs) with special provisions and the therapeutic agents being used in critical patients with emphasis on Remdesivir, Dexamethasone, Convalescent Plasma, and insight into newer agents. The systemic manifestations of COVID-19 requiring ICU care such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocardial injury, arrhythmias, hypercoagulable state, and acute renal dysfunction have been highlighted. The need of updating records with research protocols cannot be disregarded. The care of patients should not compromise the health-care personnel requirements. Conclusion: The evidence-based preparedness strategy can curtail the critical care crunch in COVID-19 management;however, institutional specific approach should be formulated.
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Coronavirus is a respiratory syndrome, a virus causing stern pneumonia in humans. The results of the Pandemic virus is a high mortality, respiratory infections including common cold, high fever etc. The main objective of the study is to explore the publications trends of Coronavirus research by using R-Studio. Scopus database has been used to extract the bibliographic metadata of the publication between 2010 and April, 2020. A total of 10515 documents were published across the globe on Coronavirus (Covid-19) during the assessment period under consideration. The result of the current study suggests that the earlier outbreak of Coronavirus were understudied. It also observed that;the research volume of the disease, which emerges after an outbreak, is very high and very little on disease prevention. This may receive insufficient research and limited investment in obtaining a complete understanding of coronavirus management and prevention. The United State of America appeared as highest contributor and University of Honk Kong appeared as most productive affiliation during the study. The outcome of the current pandemic (COVID-19) outbreak, we believe that there should be an emphasis in the field of enticements on coronavirus research © 2020. All rights reserved.
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Background Health care is seriously affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with alarming effects upon conduct of cardiac surgery. The initial resource conservation strategy has to modify for handling the surging case load due to deference of routine care in the face of pandemic. Methods The cardiac surgical practice during the lockdown period (from 25th march till 25th June) at a tertiary care centre was observed. The cardiac diagnosis of the ones operated, conduct algorithm, and working policy were analyzed. Descriptive statistics was applied to calculate the percentages of different case subsets in both adult and pediatric groups. Results A total of 93 cardiac patients were consecutively operated during the 3 months' period in two cardiac theatres of a total eight dedicated and were rotated cyclically. A total of 37 (39.78%) adult cardiac surgeries were performed out of 93 cases, with coronary artery bypass grafting (11.83%: 11/93) and valvular heart diseases (11.83%: 11/93) constituting the majority. Pediatric cardiac surgeries constituted 56 cases (60.21%) which comprised of arterial switch operation (19.35%), total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (8.60%), and Blalock Taussig shunts (7.53%) predominantly. There was no COVID-19-related mortality and none of the health-care workers developed COVID-19 in the entire study period. Conclusions The initial phase of resource conservation has undermined the routine cardiac surgical practice. The study showed that strict adherence to management algorithm is necessary for persisting smooth continuation of cardiac surgical practice with provision of optimum critical care. The strategic comeback against COVID-19 would urge institutional development of protocols to aid the post-surge period.